![]() Although the amount and type of phytochemicals can vary greatly depending on the processing procedure and maturity of the apple, it varies most depending on which part of the apple is consumed. 7 Apples contain nutritionally important phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and DF. Apples and their products are popular, partly because they are available year round in a variety of forms (fresh fruit, juice, jam and jellies, etc.). In 2007, the consumption of apples and apple products by the Korean population reached ∼8.9 kg per capita, second only to mandarin oranges at 16.8 kg per capita. 5, 6 However, the biological mechanisms of these effects are not entirely clear. DF and polyphenols induce body weight and fat loss in obese people and improve lipid profiles of CVD patients. 1– 4 The positive effects of fruits and vegetables are often attributed to dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds. N umerous epidemiological studies have indicated that fruits and vegetable consumption is positively related to a lower prevalence of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and diabetes. These results indicate that supplementing apple products such as AP and AC may help suppress body weight and WAT gain, as well as improve lipid profiles in diet-induced obese rats. In addition, atherogenic indices in the AP and AC groups were significantly lower than in the HFD group. Body weight gain, white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, epididymal adipocyte size, and lesion scores were significantly lower and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and brown adipose tissue weights were significantly higher in the AP and AC groups compared with the HFD group. After 5 weeks, body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, serum and hepatic lipid profiles, liver morphology, and adipocyte size were measured. There was also a normal diet group ( n=8). Diet-induced obese rats were assigned to three groups ( n=8 for each group): high fat diet (HFD) control, HFD containing 10% (w/w) AP, and HFD containing 10% (w/w) AC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of apple pomace (AP) and apple juice concentrate (AC) supplementation on body weight and fat loss as well as lipid metabolism in obese rats fed a high-fat diet.
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